Starter tester



Aug. 7, 1945.` N. MABx-:RY

STARTER TESTER Filed Feb. l, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ....llllllxllll 111 u I r T..-

.fm/EN T01? w. rw L Mo.

am Nm w, L @H Arme/VFY? N. MABERY STARTER TESTER Aug?, 1945.

' Filed Feb. 1, 1944 2 sheets-sheet 2 fITrae/vfrs' 'e Parenfea Aug; 7, 1945 'A 'gliatqjii February 1, 1944, serial" Nt. y5211,'65919v i rkafter mier-eparticu 1 ingthetorque output, of inertiatype starters; for

l itis :adapted a monlyfhy an electric vrriotor. To crank the engine,

' cause dissipation 'of therlywheelstored energyin testun/it. Also',k such 'preferred embodirnen starter v.Mr tventien yrelates. attentie-testine 'devices lar1y to an apparatus 'f test- As wil1 be later pointedout,l

airplane engines eH to' `the testing of other eeliliip-y nient.

I ttetie v sterfttte etielly'iile en eeereveter: ineflywheel Wheh iebreueht 11e tesmed by use ally-operatedgeari means or, moreom-y omanu 10 zthe, freeruntime flywtieeliris eermeeted tO- the engineI through a clutch andthevenergy stored in f 'them/Wheel 'it Sufficient te turnfthe engine 011e .or more. revolutions yto. effect starting. The eltthef, Such es tefrter is. tite @enf Siderelelejweer and? Should be tested' from vtime to time: nets/ay pf. testing such afclutch is-vt tense itteditsirete eubstentiellyel ef ythe kittetie energy eteredinf.theflywheelf exemple; en: gaging the :clutch against a.; stationary load :will

a time varying fromY a. lfraction of ak secondto a few seeonds and the'torque appliedtosuch a stationary load is; a measureof the torque output. of the starter when eonnected`- toa v movable load, -suchjas anA 'internal combustionengine.kr ,.Sueh torque ,applied to a stationary load is. also a Ineas- ;ureft theconditionftfofathe elutsth end ef;the

initialy speedfof the; lywheel. In addition to, the

ebeveeluteheslppaee test1 it isfetemdesirable' to know the currentdrawn bythe motor in b r ging theflywheel u'pttxlspe'ed'.`

vide a-ttestingiapparetue adaptable to .the :test-1 f ing4 of Sucheimpulsezstarters, as we11; a`s.; d the torque-output tetine0f5rarious etherdevices Eeriexemplerth nventenris readily-usable for testinethe 1eeked ter que .o f, electric meters, h e

't .ighfterqueflendinegear metorsgq; 1-Th preferred embodiment of themven on s 40 -eentenetestlunt capable @simulating :angling-rseA t c'iperatingA conditions f 'f on the startere VAand testing ,the performaneeQfthestarterundet@een adverse eenditiesti- R provides, interehangeeble aws for yt e testingf et,` rightfhendfretaten and leftrhend-teteton etertere produced bytheveri- 011s metuteeturersiend prDYdeS; nevel.' adapter eettttrttetien Wherelnthevefieustnteteaetetert ers han' be 'quickly and leasily Connected to the roe' 50 videsa: control panel including'contfroland u'ring eduipnient Y f org operating andte'sting the l r' l.; a1fid, v provides Ya, novel being applied put butalso the starter. t

theL following des attachmentto the invention;

` spring catch forv ernentsfljlhe provision of these. features, singly or comkin'edgis Within the'objects of the present invention'j "i fv It'is'also; anirnportant 'object o'f the'in'vention, to ,providey a hydraulic torquemeasuring Vde'- vi'ce and, preferably, a ';lc` ubleaeting draulic unit capable of f interchangealcly'` testing' l lighthand vand' :leftand-rotationy devicesfwithout change the hydraulic: connections or` zone f placement of v th elder/ice b'eing testjdll In' accon1`` measur pushing, this? Irr'tvide e deblei'istf System measuring right-hand or left-,handtrque by use of two arms; or members respectively actuating the pistons", ,thehydraulie pressure @between the pistons increas'ingin,"` proportion to torque-and to a pressureresponsive device, such as apressuregauge, Itis an' object ofthe invention to provide avnovl double'pistonsystem ef this tyre; e'ndelse te Provide tes/t edui'pmet indicating not only theinstantaneous torque outmeximum terete er breek-eut een; e deviee Such es enfinerte torque of a cliit Other ,objects 4and* advantages ofthe invention will be 4apparentto thosefskilledin the art from 'eriptien .Q f e nrtferedembodiment of the invention,Vv exemplified testing a motor-driven inertia-starter. ,A y v vReferringto thedrawings: e y Y Figurelfisa perspective y ew" showingthe upper portion of theeabin'et engiits related equipment, and showing a typical inertia, starter justl before iew er1-netart ilder holder; t

Figure '7 is atop-fragmentary View, taken as indicated by the yline v1`'I of Figurevv 2 and lshowing the adapter lmember swungintoz open position; and

Figure 8 yis a1 Wi Referring f' particularly l' to Figure'Iv 1', .the invention is' husedv in a lcabinetv I0 formed 'of Afsheet flew, teken-.elena y ring diagram of voneemlcodiment oftheinvention.'

metal and having a suitable internal framework, not shown in detail. 'Ihe cabinet I8 provides a sloping control panel II and a deck I2, as well as a starter-mounting panel I3 adapted to receive a starter I5 which is to be tested.

Inside the cabinet I0 is a source of potential 1 suitable for operating the starter I5. Preferably, this is gian `ad1i1stable5potentialj Jdirectecurrent source toiprdvdefor" testing various/startersand may be either a plurality of batteries or a rectier unit.

mer being connected across the central contacts of a series-parallel switch I zby conductors l8r,

- one of which` is grounded'to.-.the cabinet,lilas..r shown. The battery I1 is connectedbetween'two end terminals of the switch I.8,by conductors .20

and a conductor 2| joins oneothese end ter" minals to a diagonally-opposite endl.fterxninal,

As shown in Figure 8, this source includes two l2volt storage batteries I8 and I1, the .fora

.xlstarter to the adapter member.

, Figure 2, theadapter member 51 provides a circular series of studs, including three threaded studs This square ange 54 forms an adapter mounting member to 'which is removably connected an adapter member 51 to which, in turn, the starter I5 is connectable. The adapter member 51 is preferably in the form of a ring and is designed with reference to a particular type, make, or size of starter to be tested. Three adapter members l51 are sulicientito accommodate; all vstarters currently used;` e l f Means is provided for detachably connecting a For example, in

`58. .Withrintervening short unthreaded studs or V4dowel pins 2.59. The threaded and shorter studs y are positioned toeXtend respectively through and into corresponding openings of the flange 48 of the starter.`` Attachment is effected by nuts threadedtothe studs 58 and engaging the forward face of the flange 48. d

vThe preferred method of detachably connecting theadapter member 51'to vthe square'flange 54 is by use of a 'pivot-,meana best shown in Figures y1 Yand '1. -As illustrated', a'pair of bosses 6I is formed integrally with or secured tothe flange 54 at vertically-spaced positions to receive a tongue 62 of the adapterA member" 51. 'ihese bosses and the tongue'tZ aregbored yto receive a removable pin 63, about which the adapter memco'nnectable by` plug 30 and `flexible conductorll to" starterfmoto'r 32. Similarly, the jack 28 is connectablebylplug 33 and exible conductor 34 to A4a:clu'tchfngaging' solenoid -35 ofthe starter. The'far terminals of the motor v32 andfsolenoid 35 arei'con'nected together vby grounded conductor 36.-* The'ammeter v24 is responsive to motor cur# i rentwhenthe switch 26 is closedand to solenoid current when theswitch-ZT is closed'. i f

The internal mechanism of a typical starter I5 is suggested,`diagrammatically, in yFigure 2 to explain the-*general-mode of operation thereof. Thermotoriwhen energized, drives a flywheel40 throughr gearingH-,storingsuiicient kinetic energy in the flywheel -t'o crainkthe airplane engine when subsequently connected-1 thereto` through clutclelfl Energization of solenoid 35 engages the: clutchA fin this type `of starter, though, fin otherftyp'esi the `clin-,chewis engaged manually. Upon engagement of thev clutch, a jawmember' ofthe-starter is operatively'connected to the flywheelv 48`through the clutch and tends to turn. i

This jaWmem-ber 41 comprises a torque` member, the torque'of which is to be tested;` and issuitably `jonrnalled in a' frame ofthe starter, shown as includinga flange or stationarymember 48.

ber 51 may pivot to move Afrom a position substantially at'rightr angles to the ange 54 through theposition shown in Figure l and to the closed positionin which the adapterm'emb'er is in surface contact with the forward face' of the flange 54. The adapter member 51` provides an annular neck 84 entering the interior of the tubular portion53 to actfasja centering'v means when `the adapter member is in closed position. To retain the adaptermember'51 in closedposition, I provide a'wing nut v66 threaded to'a bolt 81 pivoted on av vertical pin 68 ycarried by'arms 69 of the flange 54, as bestv shown 'in-"Figures 1 and 7. When theadapter member 51 is in closed position, the bolt'61 may be pivoted to extend in a space-between sidewardly-extending arms 18 of the adapter member-51, after which the wing nut B6 can be tightened to rigidify the structure. The rear end of the tubular portion 53 carries a'down'wardly-extending bracket armv1I which, at itsA upper end,-provides a-rearwardly-extending collarl12"having-an opening 13 axially aligned with thejaw member 41 of the 'starter I5.

yThe bracket 52, withri'ftsi-attached'flange 54, tubularportion'53, and bracket arm 1I comprises a stationary structurehdetachably connected to the. frame `or stationary member ofA the starter I 5; 'The invention alsoprovides a `movable structure, such'a's the' torque arm structure to be presently described, lfor detachable connection to the Referring particularly to Figures 2 and 3,- the framei ofthe cabinet :I8 includes two upper horizontal channel members 49 and two lower` channel'. members. 58. :respectively adjacent vthenpper and lowerfportions of` acircularsopening 5I `in :the

panel I3 oft-.then` cabinet. `Rigidly attached to these vchannel `members y49,50 isa bracket, lgen-` erally indicated by the numeralk 52, preferably formed of castlmetal, this Abracket.providing a tubularlportion 53 extending rearwardly/through ,Opening 5 amiga Square .ange 54; ,in ,front-1. of

the panel I3. As best shown in Figures 1 and 77, this .square.ange54 is. bolted to the channel members 49, su, with the paneitherebetween. bg

four.` bolts 55:- with heads counterSilIlk-ingthelface ofthe angef54. and with nuts 56; pressing against the rear of the channel members 49, 58.

movable torque member, e. g., `the jaw member 41 of the star-terundergoingtest. The` preferred torque arm structure is pivoted to the stationary structure and is'shown as including, generally stated,V ajawlholder 15,` `a removable jaw 16, and a'torque arm11 rigidly connected together.

Thejaw'holder 15 is best `shown in Figures 2 and 4. Preferably, itincludes acylindrical body 18 surrounded by a lflangedsleeve 19 journalled `inthe Opfen`ing13 of'gthe collar 12. The forward endof ,thebodyi carries a flange` 8'0 engaging the flange'of the sleeve 19.

The jaw 16 ,is oneofay plurality of such jaws, respectively designed for connection with the jaw members'ofthe various star-tersto be tested. It is desirable that this' jaw`16 befremovably conin Figures' 2 and 5.'- To prevent'relative rotation" between thejaw 16 and the jaw ho1derf15, the` flange" 8||-fprovides a plurality of forwardly-y extending lradial rarms 83-paired with, `and re-r ceived'by,-corresponding radial-grooves 84 of theI jaw 16.- f l Preferably,

means is provided( to retainl the* jaw resilientlyn positionuntirremoval orfre-Y placement is desired.-v For #the purpose, `a spring' catch means, indicated generally by the numeral- 86, isv exnplined, a preferred structure being:l shown lniligure 6. As" there shown, the body'18fpro f vides va'chamberr in whichis movab1yposi-- tionedv aidetent vmeans shown as comprising a ball 88, resilientlyurged toward the vcircular'head` 8,2 by aspringI 89 compressed"4 by a plugl 90. The

position'of the -ball 8B. the jaw l16 is'inserted,

f theball i88 Vis Iurged resiliently fintofan annularl groove!! ofthe circular heady82; Q

--'L'Thewrear end of1=the jaw holder-18 is rigidly connectedto-the torque)l arm 11 by means best shown yin Figures *2f and 4. v'As there shown, the

' upperendof-the torque 'arm 11 provides an fopen@y ingaligned with afthrea'ded opening 'l 93 "of the 1` jawfholder 15'to'receivefa clamping bolt y.M.- -In a'dditionpf auxiliary nieansy is Kpreferably provided,

for'` locking the jaw holder 15'and thet'orquejarm 1.1.-together'. A The preferred embodiment includes ahpair-ofiradial arms 95 extending rearwardly from fthe body '18ct the jawholder15 izo-extend into-.corresponding radi-a1 slots ss-fcutfmt .the v forward face of the torque arm"11, asbest y'shown and )|00 -spaced apart a sufficient distance,y to accommodater af double-acting, torqueerespon'siye hydraulic i unit,- indicated vgenerally by the `nu#I Aheads |08 andalus yThe head 108,"for example, provides an opening I0 Aand .the corresponding' end of Ithecylinder '|061 carries va piston hav- 'mean actuating means..suchas`a pm lia-'exi tending through theopening ||||.4 y l end of this pin providesa cavity in whichisV dis-f posed *a ball bearing 'l I3 f engagingk `the vvcontact theA otherendfof the cylinder 'containsa .pis-ton lli; carrying afpin-||6A extending through ,the

. opening of the head I 'andcarrying' 'a ball bear.

The' outer 1 'finnemiost `end 'of thel chamberl 81 i provides' arr, annular ledge determining the maximum inwardA 40 armfl'l is bifurcated [to provide permanently-spaced y arms or contactl 'members 91y and-V98 'providing contact faces 99;

ing yI |1 engagingthecontact face |00 of 'Atheco'nr' taetmemberiss, The f pistons :Hl andy Us are',

` seaiedwithj resp-ect to the; cylinder: iosjoyjpston caps' 1 I8..y and I9, usually "formed ,of rubber,I leather, etc. I' A compression `spring '1| 2li urges thse .Iliis'ton'i vcaps and their -associated ,pistons WiWi-d. *t'wllbefinderstood that any Suitable webredactie thereunder atrthe extreme upperend of the cylinder. The lowerfend -of thespace Alzllisconnected by hydraulicllne V|23 to'-a pressure gauge |25, preferably'iinountedmn the sloping control panel Annick-acting pressure gaugey is preferred, de-y sirably "of they type vhaving'one `pointer |21 for indicatinginstantaneous hydraulic pressures and another pointer |28 of the maximum-indicating typestoi'fshowing the maximum hydraulic pres.

sure-to which thefgauge has Vbeen subjectedin the particular test. Suchrmaximum-indicating gauges are .well known in: :the art, the pointery 28 beingirictiohaliy retained inits maximum position; until. released by av suitable lrelease means, not shown;` whereupon.- it .returns .tov itsy initial starting ,pointpreparatory to the next test.

The operation ofthe device is 'as follows. An appropriate jaw=16is selected to t the particular jaw; member for the'starter to be tested, this jaw. being inserted'in the' jaw holder 15. An appromiate,Y adapter member 51,I mating with the particulari'starter to y,be tested, is vthen `selected f.

andlattached -t fthe' starter.;l .The adapter mem;

`bert-51.maybe lconnected tothe flange 54 before Drafter attachmentof .the :starter to. the adapter member, 'this connection requiring merely the insertionof :the pin-Bti The. adapter member 51 is. then-locked-ir'i: closed position by'use of the Wingnut166andtheselected"jaw,16 will then be engaged .with thejawzmember' of the starter undergoing test. I The plugs. 30 -andf33 are thenlrespectively con# nected tothexm'otor 32 and clutch-operating sole'- noid j35,1and1these plugsare then inserted into'the f corresponding, ijackssvzaand-'29..' The seriesparalleljfswitchgl .is -rnoved to selectl the approl priatev rated potential ofthe starter.

,-Thezswitchzflis then manually closed fora tirrxegsuii'cient to bringv the.` motor 32 and the ilywheel M upitos'peedg: yThe instantaneous 'current drawnby the motor can'beobserved' from'the ammeterv24. y.The switch zvis then opened and the switch 21 immediately closed.; rThis energizes the solenoid `35-k and connects the .liywheel 40 to the V.jaw memberi41 through the c1ut'ch45 and very quickly .dissipates thekinetic energy' of the flywheel' in ther clutch as the jaw;member 41 is prevented ,from A turning lthrough mcre than a verylsmall angle .due to .the-engagement of its teethwiththe correspondin'gateethof the' jaw 16. Howevenjt will be readily apparent that avery high torque irs-'transmitted tothe ltroquearm 11 when;thejclutch-is engaged. This tends to move one or therotheroffthe contact-membersl, 98

torque, e. g.,f0ot pounds. j Correspondingly, the

pointer,` j y21*` will 4indicate vthe instantaneous torque I andthe pointer-. 28 willfollowthepointer |21 to theflpoint of maximum orv breakeout,torque v of theAclutchJand will remain at this settingeven 'Whenythelpointer |21-returns kto a lower-torque position. yThe rateat Vwhich vthe .ilywheel energy is dissipated'i the'luteh can .bedetermined byr j the time requiredforthepointer |21 to;y returnto its no-torque? position.;v Any uctuations in the slippage ofthe clutchduring. increase in flywheel speedwill` beevidenced by a` fluctuation:VV in the movement-'or positionioffthe'pointer |21.v

In testing those starters in whichthe clutch is manually. engaged, the plug 33 needgnot be connected tothe jack 29.l After. the. flywheel has been brought up to speed andafter theswitch26 has been opened, the clutch;ismanuallyengaged. The device is also adapted for the testing of `manual-type inertia starters in which the flywheel is brought up to speed manually,.as.by a suitable crank. After this has` beendone, thezclutchis engaged to produce the-torque-indicating read-f, ings previously mentioned. f f

One feature of the invention .1 is vthatvarious types of starters, whether right-hand-rotationor left-hand-rotationmay be tested interchangeably. without'modication of. the .test equipment. It. is necessary only toselect an appropriate. right'-I handor left-hand jaw 16 and insert it in the jaw holderbefore the starter is'attached or after such attachment by pivoting the starter and adapter. member 51 togive access to the space 4in which. the jaw.` is` positioned. The invention. will` indi.

, cate .the torque relationships accurately'rwithout any .necessity for change .in .hydraulic connections,` as will be readily apparent from the .fact that. the pressure Vvariations inthe space I 2| f cany be created by movement either of the piston Ill: or the .piston l` l 5.` In testing right-hand-rotation starters, one of the contact members 91, 98 comes into operation, .While .in .testing left-hand-rotation starters, the other of these contact members comes into play. Y i i It should be noted, also, that the torque of the starter and its reaction force are transmitted respectively tostationary andmovablel structures without requirement that the frame ofthe cab-- inet I0 withstand these forces. In addition, vthe hinged relationship betweenthe adapter memberv 51 and the flange 54 is very desirable as permitting turning of the jawmember 41 relative to the jaw 16 even after the starter has been connected tolthe adapter member 51, thusfinsuringapprof priate. meshing between `the-'teeth ofthis jaw member 41 and jaw 16. i 1" The :invention is not limited to the testing of starters. Itcan be employed `in the testingof tors having a stationary member Aand afmovable static torques developedv by various other de vices that ,can .be connected-by use ofsuitably designed adapter members -51 and a suitably designed jaw 16. For examplavit is often desirable tobe. able to testthe locked torque of almotor; in'

which event the motor casing is connected to a f suitable adapter member51 and the motor shaft to the torque arrn 11. `through a suitable inter-l locking jaw connection. l Themotor can beienergized through-the jack 28 by closingthe'switch 26. The invention will simultaneously indicate the current drawn by the motor and the locked torque developed. l i i f Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit 4oi the invention as defined in ther appended claims. Y

I claim as my invention:

1. In a bi-directional torque-testing apparatus for testing devices such as aircraft startingv mol tors having-a stationary member andl a movable torque member, the combination of: a stationary structure providing means for detachable connection with said stationarymember of said device;

a torque arm structure providing means for de-` tachable. connection withA said movable torque member of said device; means for buildingvup a hydraulic pressure substantially proportional to the Vtorque applied'ineither vdirection to said torque armstructure `by said device, said means including. a double-acting hydraulic unit operacating'saidhydraulic pressure..1.- .f.

. 2. In a bi.directional torque-testing.'apparatus 5 for testing `devicessuch asfaircraftxstarting .mo-

tors having a stationaryv member and a movable torque member, thecombination .l of :V ra bracket arm; a torque .arm bi-directionally-,movable with respect to said bracket arm; means .for detachably connecting said. bracket. arm and. said. torque arm respectively to said stationary member` and s aid movable torque, member of thedevice to be tested;v a cylinder means'operatively connected to one of said armsand,containing,a.,;b0dy 0f;.1iquid; two pistons within s aidcylinder meansin pressuretransferring melationship with saidjbody of liquidand operativelyfassociated withy the other ofsaid arms to increasetheplessureon said body of liquid upon movement 4of said torque .arm in either direction; andY pressure,responsive,y means connected` to :said cylinder means and responsive to such' increase in pressure on vsaid body of liquid., y. 7,

i 3., In a bi-directional torque-testing apparatus for; testing devices suchas aircraft startingmo.-

torque member, the combination of: .abracket arm; a ltorque armi. ,means for.. mounting .,said.

torque arm to moyehbi-directionally,with ,respect to said bracket arm; ,means` fordetachablyconnecting said bracket arm .and said torque arm. respectivelyV to lsaid stationary, member and. saiolv movable torque i member Of.. said; device to be.

tested; a cylinder,connetedtoone/,ot said arms; two pistons insaidcylinder,vtherewbeing ,a body of liquid withinsaid cylinder between saidpistons,

said pistons l respectively providing i an actuating means` extending from .sai.d..0y1inder at opposite ends thefqf? $931.06@ AQoll.l;illflelllers .carried by the other of said arms in'position to respectively.

contact said actuating means when. said .torque arm is movedqrstin oriedireetion andthen inI the other `direction withirespect .to .said'bracketv for alternate actuation of saidpistonsto increase.

the pressure on'lsagid body ,of;liqui,d;and pressureresponsive means-connected tov said cylinder and responsive 'to such increase in pressure on1.said bodyofliquid. e f, f.

4'. A combinationas dened in c laim, in .which said cylinder'fprovides,headsat` its ends, each head lprovidingV an opening, and ,inwhich. each actuating means .inclndes .an actuating.` member operatively' connected to y one or saidI pistons g and extending through the opening Aofmrthe ladjacent i head to'beenga'gedbyone ofsaidzspacedj'contact members.

5. 'A qmbinaton A1 as nennen.. feiim f afin-f cluding a ball'dis'posed betweenfeach ac tuzliting4 means `and its corresponding Acontactinembenfgr transmitting pressure v toL said/actuating, means.

M6. A combination asde'ned in claim 3., irlcluding 'a compression :spring withinsaid 4cylinder and urging 'said pistons e away from eachother. v f

. 7. In'an` apparatus for. testing axdevice having .a stationary `member antifa movable .tcrqne member 'to yproduce j'a' vchange n pressure-measurable to determine the torque 'of v"suolimin/able"torque member, the-combination Aof: astationarystructure:r means 'detachably connected" to'fsaid stationary structure and adapted l for l'connection` with said stationaryv member ofjs'aid deviee; a mov-f able structure journalledwit respecttdsaid-stm tionary-structureg" means-'de hably, co to said v'movable-fstructure and adapted fo nectionL with'l Isaid movable torque member ofi i here gagnera' said.sdemviceaarcyliniderI operatively connected to one-noisaidifstructuresra piston means in said cylinder :operatively connected tothe other. ofl

saidstructuresto move in said cylinder upon relag tives movement betweenusaid structures; and a f bodyofrfluidiconnedaby.said cylinder and saidV means; relative movement `of said .'piston Ameans andcylinder changing; the pressure of` said fluidfsubstantially in proportion to the degree of piston.

relative; movement between lsaid structures.

an adapter` ably connectable to said stationary member .of

said device to'be tested; a torque arm structure; means for detachably connecting said torque arm structure to said torque member of saidy device; and a fluid-operated torque-measuring means operatively connected to said stationary structure of 'liquid in pressure-transferring; relation Witt-r said piston -mean`s;.and.1.a ll'iydraulicf pressure gauge yiconnecix-rdr tofsaidcbodyzof liquid; toeindi-f cate the ypressurerthere'of. i l

4 1 11.'.In-an appar tus'for.testinginertia::starters providing. a stationary member;r la drive fr'neans, i

anv energy-storing flywheel connected ...tocrsaid' drivev means; a a jaw member',l and? a'. i clutchv `lfor interconnecting; said flywheel r' `and .-ijavv` member.;

the .combination i oft ai cabinet providing .as c'ontrolI Vpanel and. a starten-mounting. panelzghaving# an opening; a Vstationary:'-structurel secured: to.

and extending Within said: cabinet and compris-.f

ing ian.. adapterrmounting .member adjacent saidl opening andra'bracketY arm. SecuredtO'rSaid adapter mounting member; v.an adapter memben exterior ofsaid cabinet and providing means for Y detachably connecting same -to said adapter and saidl torque arm structure and comprising a cylinder connected to one of said structures, a

piston within said cylinder and connected to the "other of said structures, and a iluid conned by said cylinder and piston to increase in Apressure upon relative movement of said lpiston and said' cylinder occasioned by movement of said torque 'arm structure relative to said stationary structure.

' t9. Iny a torque-testing apparatusA for testing devices suchas aircraft starting motors having a stationary member and a movable torque member, the combination of a frame; a bracket including v an adapter mounting member and a bracket arm extending to a position onone side of said adapter A j mounting lmember ;A anadapter member connected tosaid adapter mounting member and detachably 'viceto' be tested; means fory rigidly connecting said bracket to saidframe; a torque-transmitting element journalled lin fsaid bracket; lmeans.- detachably connecting said torque-transmitting eley ment to said torque member of said device kto be r'tested; a torque arm fixed to said torque-transrnittingA element and extending along said bracket arm `to said position; a hydraulic unit at said position operatively associated with said torque arm and said bracket arm, 'said hydraulic unit'- containing a body of liquid land including means r kfor increasing the pressure on saidy body of .liquid in response to movement of said torque arm with krespect to' said bracket arm; and pressure-responsive means connected to said hydraulic unit vand responsive to such increase in pressure on f said body of liquid. i

10.4 Ina torque-testing the torque output of a device having a stationary tionary structure comprising a bracket providing an opening;`a jaw holder pivoted in said opening andproviding a jaw-receiving cavity; a jaw removably and non-rotatably held in said cavityV in position to engage said jaw member-of said fdevice; an adapter member removably connected l to said bracket and providing means detachably connect'able to said stationary member of said device for supporting said device in testing pol sition; a double-acting torque-responsive hydraulic unitproviding a cylinder means'and a piston means, one of said means being operatively connected to said bracket and the other of saidmeans being operatively connected to said p jaw holder, said cylinder means containing a body apparatus for testing" mounting member adjacent said opening and to said stationary member of said starter, said jaw member yof .said starter extending rthrough said opening; a jaw holder journalled in said stationary structure and providing a jaw-receiving cavity;v a jaw removably and non-rotatably se- -cured in said cavity in position to mesh with said jaw member'v of said starter; a torque armv secured to saidjaw holder; a hydraulic unit operatively connected to said torque yarm and said bracket arm and including means for developing connected to said stationary member of said dey a hydraulic pressure proportional to the torque applied to said jaw holder bysaid jaw member of said starter' when said clutch is engaged; a pressure gauge mounted on said control panel; and means for delivering said hydraulic pressure to said pressure gauge.

- l2. In a torque-testing apparatus for testing i devices such as aircraft starting motors having la stationary member and n a movable torque member, the combination of: 'an`adapter mounting member providing an opening; an adapter member providing means for detachablyconnecting same to saidstationary member of said device to be tested; hinge means for pivotally connectling said adapter member to said radapter. mounting member to swing said movable torque member of said device into alignment with said opening when said adapter'member is adjacent said adaptermounting member; a jaW aligned with said opening and positioned to be engaged by said torque vmember of said device when said adapter member is pivoted to lie adjacent said adapter mounting member; means for locking said adaptermember and said adapter mounting member together with said torque member engaging saidjaw; -and torque-measuring means operatively connected to said adapter mounting member and said jaw.

7 y member and a movable torque member providving a yjaw member, ythe combination of: ,a sta- .13. In a torque-testing apparatus for testing devices such as aircraft starting kmotors having` a stationary member and a movable torque member, the combination of: an adapter mounting member providing an opening; an adapter member yproviding means for detachably connecting same to said stationary member of said device to be tested; hinge .means for pivotally connecting said adapter member to said adapter mounting member to swing said movable torque memlber of said device into alignment with said opening when said adapter member is adjacent said adapter mounting member, said hinge means includinga removable hinge pin vfor detachably .connecting said adapter member to said adapter mounting member; a jaw aligned with said opening and positioned tov be engaged by said torque member of said device when said adaptermeming. member; means forlocking said adapter memberand said adapter .mounting member together with said torque member engaging said.

jaw; pand torque-measuring means operatively connected to said adapter mounting member and said jaw. f

14. In a bi-directional torque-testing apparatus for testing devices such as. aircraft starting motors lhaving a `stationary member, a movable torque member, adrive means, and anv engageable .clutch operatively connectingv said drive means and said torque member; to determine initial and slippage torques of saidclutch, the combination of a stationary structure providing means for detachable connection with said stan 15 clutch.

tionary member of saidv device; a torque arm structure providing means for detachable connection with said movable torquemember of said device; means for building up a hydraulic pressure substantially proportional to the torque applied in either directionto said torque arm by said device, said means including a double-acting hydraulic unit operativelyl connected Vto said structures; and a pressure' gauge connected to said hydraulic unit and including means for indicating instantaneous hydraulic pressure to indicate slippage torque of said clutch and `for indicating maximum hydraulic pressure in said hydraulic unit to indicate initial torque of said NELSON MABERY, 

